Countries
India, Pakistan
  
India
  
National Language
India, Pakistan
  
Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Nepal
  
Second Language
Pakistan
  
Not spoken in any of the countries
  
Speaking Continents
Asia
  
Asia
  
Minority Language
Australia, Canada, United Kingdom, United States of America
  
Not spoken in any of the countries
  
Regulated By
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Interesting Facts
- Punjabi is 2nd most spoken in United Kingdom and 4th most spoken in Canada.
- Punjabi is tonal language, by using various tones Punjabi speakers are able to differentiate between words.
  
- Santali language was an oral language till nineteenth century.
- Before the invention of Santali alphabets, Santali was written with the Bengali or Odia alphabets.
  
Similar To
Hindi Language
  
Munda Language
  
Derived From
Sanskrit Language
  
Not Available
  
Alphabets in
Punjabi-Alphabets.jpg#200
  
Santali-Alphabets.jpg#200
  
Phonology
  
  
Scripts
Gurmukhi, Shahmukhi
  
Bengali, Devanagari, Latin, Ol Chiki, Oriya
  
Writing Direction
Left-To-Right, Horizontal
  
Left-To-Right, Horizontal
  
Hard to Learn
  
  
Language Levels
Not Available
  
Time Taken to Learn
Not Available
  
Hello
ਨਮਸਕਾਰ (namaskar)
  
Henda ho
  
Thank You
ਸ਼ੁਕਰੀਆ (shukrīā)
  
Adi Johar
  
How Are You?
ਤੁਹਾਡਾ ਕੀ ਹਾਲ ਹੈ? (tuhāḍā kī hāl he?)
  
Cet’leka menama?
  
Good Night
ਸ਼ੁੱਭ ਰਾਤਰੀ (shubh rātri)
  
Boge Ninda
  
Good Evening
ਸਤ ਸੀ੍ ਅਕਾਲ (Sat sri akaal)
  
Boge Ayup’
  
Good Afternoon
ਨਮਸਕਾਰ (Namasakāra)
  
Not Available
  
Good Morning
ਸਤ ਸੀ੍ ਅਕਾਲ (Sat sri akaal)
  
Boge Setak’
  
Please
ਕਿਰਪਾ ਕਰਕੇ (kirpā karkē)
  
Not Available
  
Sorry
ਖਿਮਾ/ਮਾਫ਼ ਕਰੋ ਜੀ। (kimā)
  
Not Available
  
Bye
ਫਿਰ ਮਿਲਾੰਗੇ (Fair milaange)
  
Not Available
  
I Love You
ਮੈਂ ਤੈਨੂੰ ਪਿਆਰ ਕਰਦਾ ਹਾਂ। (mẽ tenū̃ piār kardā hā̃)
  
Not Available
  
Excuse Me
ਵੇਖੋ ਜੀ। (vēkhō jī)
  
Not Available
  
Dialect 1
Pothohari
  
Mahali
  
Where They Speak
Pakistan
  
India
  
How Many People Speak
2,500,000.00
  
22
Not Available
  
Dialect 2
Saraiki
  
Not present
  
Where They Speak
Afganistan, India, Pakistan
  
Not Available
  
How Many People Speak
20,000,000.00
  
5
Not Available
  
Dialect 3
Doabi
  
Not present
  
Where They Speak
Pakistan, Punjab, India
  
Not Available
  
How Many People Speak?
154.30 million
  
12
6.30 million
  
99+
Speaking Population
Not Available
  
Native Speakers
100.00 million
  
11
6.30 million
  
99+
Second Language Speakers
54.30 million
  
12
Not Available
  
Native Name
ਪੰਜਾਬੀ, پنجابی
  
संथाली (sãtʰālī)
  
Alternative Names
Lahanda, Lahnda, Lahndi, Lahori, Majhi, Gurmukhi, Gurumukhi, Panjabi
  
Har, Hor, Samtali, Sandal, Sangtal, Santal, Santhali, Santhiali, Satar, Sentali, Sonthal
  
French Name
pendjabi
  
santal
  
German Name
Pandschabi-Sprache
  
Santali
  
Pronunciation
Not Availble
  
Not Available
  
Ethnicity
Punjabis
  
Santal and Teraibasi Santali
  
Origin
1000 AD
  
20th century
  
Language Family
Indo-European Family
  
Austroasiatic Family
  
Subgroup
Indo-Iranian
  
Not Available
  
Branch
Indic
  
Not Available
  
Language Forms
  
  
Early Forms
Shauraseni, Kaikeyi
  
No early forms
  
Standard Forms
Modern Punjabi
  
Santali
  
Signed Forms
Indian Signing System (ISS)
  
Not Available
  
Scope
Not Available
  
Individual
  
ISO 639 1
pa
  
No data available
  
ISO 639 2
  
  
ISO 639 2/T
pan
  
sat
  
ISO 639 2/B
pan
  
sat
  
ISO 639 3
pan
  
sat
  
ISO 639 6
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Glottocode
panj1256
  
sant1410
  
Linguasphere
No data available
  
No data available
  
Types of Language
  
  
Language Type
Not Available
  
Living
  
Language Linguistic Typology
Subject-Object-Verb
  
Subject-Object-Verb
  
Language Morphological Typology
Fusional
  
Not Available