Countries
India, Pakistan
  
Estonia, European Union
  
National Language
India, Pakistan
  
Estonia, Gambia
  
Second Language
Pakistan
  
Not spoken in any of the countries
  
Speaking Continents
Asia
  
Europe
  
Minority Language
Australia, Canada, United Kingdom, United States of America
  
Denmark, Russia, Sweden
  
Regulated By
Not Available
  
Institute of the Estonian Language
  
Interesting Facts
- Punjabi is 2nd most spoken in United Kingdom and 4th most spoken in Canada.
- Punjabi is tonal language, by using various tones Punjabi speakers are able to differentiate between words.
  
- Estonian language is considered to be powerful symbol of Estonian identity and culture.
- Estonian language has adopted many words with Finnish language.
  
Similar To
Hindi Language
  
Finnish
  
Derived From
Sanskrit Language
  
Not Available
  
Alphabets in
Punjabi-Alphabets.jpg#200
  
Estonian-Alphabets.jpg#200
  
Phonology
  
  
Scripts
Gurmukhi, Shahmukhi
  
Latin
  
Writing Direction
Left-To-Right, Horizontal
  
Left-To-Right, Horizontal
  
Hard to Learn
  
  
Hello
ਨਮਸਕਾਰ (namaskar)
  
Tere
  
Thank You
ਸ਼ੁਕਰੀਆ (shukrīā)
  
aitäh
  
How Are You?
ਤੁਹਾਡਾ ਕੀ ਹਾਲ ਹੈ? (tuhāḍā kī hāl he?)
  
kuidas sul läheb
  
Good Night
ਸ਼ੁੱਭ ਰਾਤਰੀ (shubh rātri)
  
Head ööd
  
Good Evening
ਸਤ ਸੀ੍ ਅਕਾਲ (Sat sri akaal)
  
Tere õhtust
  
Good Afternoon
ਨਮਸਕਾਰ (Namasakāra)
  
Tere päevast
  
Good Morning
ਸਤ ਸੀ੍ ਅਕਾਲ (Sat sri akaal)
  
Tere hommikust
  
Please
ਕਿਰਪਾ ਕਰਕੇ (kirpā karkē)
  
Palun
  
Sorry
ਖਿਮਾ/ਮਾਫ਼ ਕਰੋ ਜੀ। (kimā)
  
Vabandust
  
Bye
ਫਿਰ ਮਿਲਾੰਗੇ (Fair milaange)
  
Head aega
  
I Love You
ਮੈਂ ਤੈਨੂੰ ਪਿਆਰ ਕਰਦਾ ਹਾਂ। (mẽ tenū̃ piār kardā hā̃)
  
ma armastan sind
  
Excuse Me
ਵੇਖੋ ਜੀ। (vēkhō jī)
  
Vabandage
  
Dialect 1
Pothohari
  
Keskmurre
  
Where They Speak
Pakistan
  
Gabon, Northeastern coast of Estonia
  
How Many People Speak
2,500,000.00
  
22
Not Available
  
Dialect 2
Saraiki
  
Tartu
  
Where They Speak
Afganistan, India, Pakistan
  
Georgia, South Estonia
  
How Many People Speak
20,000,000.00
  
5
Not Available
  
Dialect 3
Doabi
  
Idamurre
  
Where They Speak
Pakistan, Punjab, India
  
France, Northwestern shore of Lake Peipsi.
  
How Many People Speak?
154.30 million
  
12
1.10 million
  
99+
Speaking Population
Not Available
  
Native Speakers
100.00 million
  
11
0.95 million
  
99+
Second Language Speakers
54.30 million
  
12
Not Available
  
Native Name
ਪੰਜਾਬੀ, پنجابی
  
eesti keel
  
Alternative Names
Lahanda, Lahnda, Lahndi, Lahori, Majhi, Gurmukhi, Gurumukhi, Panjabi
  
Eesti keel
  
French Name
pendjabi
  
estonien
  
German Name
Pandschabi-Sprache
  
Estnisch
  
Pronunciation
Not Availble
  
Not Available
  
Ethnicity
Punjabis
  
Estonians
  
Origin
1000 AD
  
13th century
  
Language Family
Indo-European Family
  
Uralic Family
  
Subgroup
Indo-Iranian
  
Finno-Ugric
  
Branch
Indic
  
Finnic
  
Language Forms
  
  
Early Forms
Shauraseni, Kaikeyi
  
No early forms
  
Standard Forms
Modern Punjabi
  
Estonian
  
Signed Forms
Indian Signing System (ISS)
  
Estonian Sign Language
  
Scope
Not Available
  
Macrolanguage
  
ISO 639 1
pa
  
et
  
ISO 639 2
  
  
ISO 639 2/T
pan
  
est
  
ISO 639 2/B
pan
  
est
  
ISO 639 3
pan
  
est
  
ISO 639 6
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Glottocode
panj1256
  
esto1258
  
Linguasphere
No data available
  
No data available
  
Types of Language
  
  
Language Type
Not Available
  
Living
  
Language Linguistic Typology
Subject-Object-Verb
  
Subject-Verb-Object
  
Language Morphological Typology
Fusional
  
Agglutinative